Michael Sullivan

False Claims Act Passed in New Jersey Continues Trend of New State Qui Tam Whistleblower Statutes

The wave of new state False Claims Acts with qui tam whistleblower provisions has been a frequent topic of this whistleblower lawyer blog. In 2007, New York, Georgia, and Oklahoma joined the 16 other states that have enacted versions of the federal False Claims Act, the government’s primary weapon for fighting fraud against taxpayers.

Today, New Jersey’s Assembly unanimously passed the New Jersey State False Claims Act, which upon signature by the Governor will make New Jersey the 20th state to have a state version of the venerable qui tam whistleblower statute.

We congratulate New Jersey for taking the prudent action of passing a state False Claims Act. As we have written about extensively, Congress through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 has created financial incentives for states that pass such qui tam whistleblower laws that are at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act.

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IRS Tax Whistleblowers & False Claims Act Qui Tam Cases–2007 Year in Review by Whistleblower Lawyer Blog

2007 has been a most significant year for whistleblowers. The whistleblower lawyer blog attorneys look back on some of the milestones:

1. As soon as Congress authorized the first meaningful IRS Whistleblower Rewards Program to pay tax whistleblowers 15-30% of IRS recoveries from those who violate the tax laws by statue effective on December 20, 2006, beginning in January our whistleblower lawyers submitted some of the first IRS Whistleblower claims in the nation under the new law. Our IRS Whistleblower cases have continued
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IRS Whistleblower Instructions for Filing Tax Whistleblower Claims Issued by IRS–and Are Reprinted Here on Whistleblower Lawyer Blog

The IRS a few hours ago issued the long-discussed “interim” guidance on pursuing Tax Whistleblower claims under the new IRS Whistleblower Program. This IRS Notice 2008-4 on filing claims under the IRS Whistleblower Program is effective January 14, 2008, and appears at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-08-04.pdf.

Our whistleblower attorneys who work with the IRS in representing Tax Whistleblower clients will be continue their discussions of how the new IRS Whistleblower program is operating. The IRS Notice is reprinted below for convenience of whistleblower lawyer blog readers:
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Tax Whistleblowers: IRS Whistleblower Office Issues Long-Awaited Guidance for Tax Whistleblower Claims

Our whistleblower lawyer blog has followed closely the evolution of the new IRS Whistleblower Program, which celebrates its one-year anniversary on December 20, 2007/ Late today, on the eve of that anniversary, the new IRS Whistleblower Office issued long-awaited interim “guidance” for filing Tax Whistleblower claims–which should help tax whistleblowers and their attorneys.

Until now, whistleblower lawyers and their clients had to learn the procedures from reports of various public statements and discussions with IRS officials. I had the pleasure of getting to know how the IRS Whistleblower Office’s Director Stephen Whitlock intends to approach these claims, through appearing on a panel discussion with him in September in Washington to explain how the new IRS Whistleblower Program operates.

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False Claims Act Litigation Attorneys Gather in Atlanta to Explore Whistleblower Issues

At a conference on False Claims Act Litigation on November 30, attorneys representing the government, relators or whistleblowers, and defendants gathered to discuss whistleblower law issues. The conference was organized by the law firm of Balch & Bingham LLP.

This whistleblower lawyer blog writer had the pleasure of appearing on a panel with the Chief of the Civil Division of the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Atlanta, Amy Berne, and with Balch & Bingham’s John Markus.

Amy Berne opened with an overview of
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Tax Fraud & Tax Evasion Among Medicaid Providers: New IRS Whistleblower Program Fills Gap in False Claims Act for Whistleblowers and Their Attorneys

Two important topics of this whistleblower lawyer blog are addressed in a recent Government Accounting Office (GAO) Report on tax cheating by Medicaid providers. The Report shows the wisdom of the new IRS Whistleblower Program, which fills a “gap” in the coverage of the major whistleblower statute, the False Claims Act.

GAO reports that thousands of Medicaid providers collect large amounts of federal dollars each year, while cheating the government by failing to pay taxes owed–usually payroll taxes and personal income taxes.
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False Claims Act “Qui Tam” Whistleblower Cases Recover More Than $1 Billion In Latest Year, Justice Department Announces

Once again displaying the effectiveness of the False Claims Act in combating government fraud, the Justice Department has announced that it recovered $2 billion in fraud cases in the latest fiscal year that ended September 30, 2007. Qui tam whistleblower cases under the False Claims Act accounted for at least $1.45 billion of those recoveries, with the whistleblowers (or “relators’) sharing in those recoveries.

In all but one year since 2000, False Claims Act cases have generated at least $1 billion in
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IRS Whistleblower Regulations & “Guidance” for Whistleblower Attorneys from the IRS

Anticipating the new IRS Whistleblower Program regulations that are due by the December 20, 2007 first anniversary of the new IRS Whistleblower Program, the IRS Office of Chief Counsel has just issued a Notice on “Coordination of Section 7623 Whistleblower Claims in the Tax Court.”

As discussed extensively on this whistleblower lawyer blog, one of the major features of the new IRS Whistleblower Program is that whistleblowers who meet the program’s criteria now have an enforceable right to share in money
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IRS Whistleblower Program: Hedge Funds and Private Equity Firms Under Increasing IRS Scrutiny for Tax Abuses

Continuing this whistleblower lawyer blog’s discussions of the IRS’s strong interest in hedge funds and private equity firms, there have been several recent public statements and reports about IRS efforts to identify and stop tax fraud and tax noncompliance in these segments of the financial services industry.

Today, suspected tax abuses by hedge funds and private equity managers were the subject of a Tax Notes report, which cites a November 1, 2007 statement by the IRS. That same day, Bloomberg reported that
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TRICARE Medical Fraud Report–Whistleblower Attorneys Take Note that Health Care Fraud Continues to Plague Government

Fraud affecting health care is a frequent topic of our whistleblower lawyer blog. A new report on TRICARE, the U.S. Military’s health care system, shows that medical fraud continues, as honest whistleblowers and their lawyers continue the fight against government fraud.

More than 200 “qui tam” whistleblower cases were mentioned in the annual report of the Program Integrity Office of TRICARE, and more than 200 whistleblower cases have been brought each year since 2002.

The Report outlines numerous types of (more…)

New IRS Offshore Account Disclosure Program Takes Shape

As the IRS continues its increasing focus on international tax issues, a new IRS offshore disclosure program announced in December continues to take shape. While the IRS has not made public a full description of the program, details have emerged in comments of IRS officials over the past weeks.

Using the 2009 IRS voluntary disclosure program as a template, the IRS is apparently tweaking the approach that generated approximately 15,000 disclosures in the 2009 effort.

The IRS Criminal Investigative Division (“CI”)–already quite busy
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Long-Awaited IRS Whistleblower Rule “Fix” Is Released for Comment

We have written previously about Senator Grassley’s pointed criticisms of aspects of the IRS whistleblower rules proposed in June 2010. The IRS’s delay in finalizing those rules is a principal reason why the IRS has not yet paid whistleblowers who have come forward since the December 2006 creation of the new IRS Whistleblower Program.

Today, the IRS took a large step to correct one major flaw that Grassley urged be corrected: re-writing a bizarre rule that would deny rewards to valuable whistleblowers who prevent improper refunds, or reduce a credit balance by a taxpayer. From what we can tell, that nonsensical rule was not the creation of the IRS Whistleblower Office, but of others within the IRS.

The IRS today announced a new IRS whistleblower rule to correct that anomaly, to be published for comment in the Federal Register.

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Activities of IRS Large Business and International Division Earn Its Commissioner Recognition As “Tax Person of the Year”

Citing many developments in the IRS Large Business and International Division in 2010, Tax Analysts this week named IRS LB&I Commissioner Heather Maloy as its “Tax Person of the Year.”

Among those developments that we have followed previously are the international focus of the restructured LB&I division (formerly known as the Large and Mid-Size Business Division (LMSB)), and the creation of the new Global High Wealth Industry Group within LB&I. That group within LB&I is already is working some very significant IRS Whistleblower cases.

Also mentioned by Tax Notes was one of my favorite IRS professionals who assisted the new IRS Whistleblower Program in its infancy, Stuart Mann:
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New SEC Whistleblower Program to Benefit from SEC’s Appointment of New Enforcement Official?

The SEC has just announced that current senior advisor to SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro, Stephen L. Cohen, has been named an Associate Director of the Division of Enforcement.

We hope this is good news for the nascent SEC Whistleblower Program. The SEC recently announced that its delaying creation of an SEC Whistleblower Office for budget reasons.

Steve Cohen has advised Chairman Schapiro on a number of issues including the SEC Whistleblower program, which I have discussed with him briefly earlier this year.

Coincidentally, the announcement came on yesterday’s deadline for comments on the SEC’s proposed rules for SEC whistleblowers, which must be substantially revamped so as not to defeat Congress’ purpose by discouraging meaningful whistleblowers from coming forward. We have submitted our own comments to the SEC on its proposed whistleblower rules, and will discuss later others’ comments here. See our comments

The SEC’s press release is reprinted below:
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IRS Whistleblower Claims Reporting Tax Evasion and “Overlooked” Returns

Tax whistleblowers using the new IRS Whistleblower Program have reported many instances of tax evasion involving domestic and foreign corporations, partnerships, and trusts, in addition to abusive offshore transactions about which we have written previously. These tax whistleblowers will allow the IRS to reduce the more than $300 billion “tax gap”–the difference between what tax cheats owe, but refuse to pay.

Tax evasion generally entails taxpayers understating taxes in the returns they file. In many cases evasion also entails taxpayers failing to file returns, especially information returns (as opposed to tax returns).

For example, partnership returns (Form 1065) are information returns and as such do not report tax payable. Cases of partnership tax evasion sometimes arise where filing Form 1065 is “overlooked.” In many of these cases, the partners continue to file their own income tax returns, which typically understate taxable income and tax payable, as there are no K-1’s to report.

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Special: Article Explaining the 2010 False Claims Act and State False Claims Acts

Three years ago, our whistleblower lawyer blog presented an in-depth article discussing the nation’s major whistleblower law, the False Claims Act, and the wave of new state False Claims Acts.

Since then in 2009-2010, Congress has amended the False Claims Act three times to remove obstacles created by courts, which had limited the law’s effectiveness. To reflect those important and needed changes in the law, I have updated this article to present at the 2010 Fraud and Compliance Forum sponsored by the American Health Lawyers Association and Health Care Compliance Association.

That detailed article is excerpted here to explain the False Claims Act, with its 2009-2010 amendments. For ease of reading, it is divided into six parts:

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Part 1: Introduction: What You Should Know About the False Claims Act And New State False Claims Acts After the 2009-2010 Amendments

This is Part 1 of an updated explanation of the major qui tam whistleblower statutes, the federal False Claims Act and the new state False Claims Acts. This Part 1 provides an introduction to the False Claims Act.

In 2010, more than ever, it is essential for lawyers to understand their clients’ potential liabilities under the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”). The health care industry increasingly has become the major focus of the federal government’s enforcement efforts, and usually pays at least two-thirds of the money recovered each year under this anti-fraud statute.

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Part 2: The False Claims Act and the Increasing Number of State False Claims Acts

This is Part 2 of an explanation the federal False Claims Act and the new state False Claims Acts with qui tam whistleblower provisions. This Part 2 discusses the sound policy reasons underlying the False Claims Act.

I. Why Have A “False Claims Act”?

Fraud is perhaps so pervasive and, therefore, costly to the Government due to a lack of deterrence. GAO concluded in its 1981 study that most fraud goes undetected due to the failure of Governmental agencies to effectively ensure accountability on the part of program recipients and Government contractors. The study states:

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Part 3: The False Claims Act: Background & History

This is Part 3 of an updated explanation of the major qui tam whistleblower statutes, the federal False Claims Act and the new state False Claims Acts. This Part 3 explains the history of the False Claims Act and why effective whistleblower laws are important.

II. Background of the Federal False Claims Act

Although the False Claims Act may be the best known qui tam statute, it is far from being the first. Qui tam actions date back to English law in the 13th and 14th Centuries. This tradition took root in the American colonies and, by 1789, states and the new federal government had authorized qui tam actions in various contexts.

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Part 4: How the False Claims Act Works After the 2009-2010 Amendments (with Comparisons to Some State False Claims Acts)

This Part 4 of a six part summary explains how the federal False Claims Act works, after Congress amended it three times in 2009-2010. It also discusses similar provisions of some state False Claims Acts.

This is an update from a previously published article by whistleblower lawyer blog author Michael A. Sullivan.

III. Overview of How the Modern False Claims Act Works (with Comparisons to Some State False Claims Acts)

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